Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (Koi herpesvirus, KHV, CyHV-3) is a major disease in koi and carp. In recent years, CyHV-3 has been explored as a possible biocontrol measure for European carp in Australia. This virus was first detected in the United States of America in 1998 and has been detected in various countries including: Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Poland (Hendrick 2000; Pokorova 2005; Garver 2010; Tu 2004; Sano 2004; Bergmenn 2006).

The potential release of CyHV-3 into Australian waters will introduce new risks to Australia’s koi industry. Mass mortalities of up to 100% have been described for fish infected with CyHV-3 (Hedrick 2000). Due to the potential severity of the disease, it is important to appreciate the risk factors and all potential biosecurity control measures available for the Australian koi industry and review their likely efficacy, prior to considering release.

The diversity of the koi industry in Australia spans beyond dedicated farms, to hobbyists and koi shows. The type, cost and applicability of all biosecurity measures to all sectors of the koi industry requires careful assessment in the formulation of a biosecurity strategy.