Biofouling negatively affects shellfish production through several pathways, including: 1) reducing natural mussel spat settlement rates; 2) preying upon mussel spat and juveniles; 3) competing for food with mussels; and 4) smothering established mussels. These problems are well documented in the...

The fishery for the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) is Western Australia’s most important single species fishery, and yields an average annual catch of 10,500 to 11,000 tonnes valued at between $200 and $300 million at the point of landing. With a high level of exploitation and a...