Australian Government and industry have many objectives of Australia’s natural resources. Amongst their highest priorities are the sustainable use of Australian resources. Reassuring the public that this is being achieved can be difficult, however, as many of Australia’s resources are poorly known – even 18% of reasonably well known species are of unknown stock status (Georgeson et al 2014). This means that new and developing sectors, attempting to exploit resources in a new way, or targeting species that have not previously been considered main target species can come under considerable stakeholder scrutiny and public debate (as seen in the Small Pelagic Fishery in the last few years). Such situations will not ease under climate change as ecosystem restructuring will mean the mix of target species will need to shift, making the most of new opportunities, if Australian fisheries are to remain sustainable (Fulton and Gorton 2014).

To this end schemes that support responsible fisheries management of developing fisheries or small-scale, data-constrained fisheries are an important new tool needed to achieve Australian objectives for sustainable fisheries. Such a scheme will require the development of management approaches that more effectively incorporate the diverse and potentially conflicting needs and effects across all sectors accessing Australian stocks. It is already understood that management will need to more explicitly acknowledge the role of ecosystem integrity in delivering sustainable stocks and that new multispecies harvesting regimes will be required (Zhou et al 2010, Garcia et al 2012). However, the true form of such harvesting remains uncertain and any approach will need to allow for adaptive learning. Consequently, there is a need to design multispecies harvesting schemes and self-learning adaptive management approaches.

In addition to new approaches a broader set of the management and fisheries science community needs to be at ease with ecosystem oriented tools, such as Ecopath with Ecosim. Training in the latest versions of the software by those most intimately associated with it is an important step in that direction for fisheries science professionals from all jurisdictions.